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Quitting smoking can help reduce your risk

Start with 1 hour and see how it feels

a partner who smoked at the beginning of the process and at the time the questionnaire was completed or a partner who did not smoke at the beginning of the quitting process but did smoke at the time the questionnaire was completed (we had to combine the different types of smoking partners into one exposure group, as there were not enough participants to separate them into two groups)

The Impact of Smoking on Pregnancy Beyond fertility issues, smoking during pregnancy is associated with serious obstetric complications that can jeopardise both maternal and fetal health