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Maziak W, Ward KD, Afifi Soweid RA, Eissenberg T

[42] study, chosen arbitrarily from among the estimates from those retrospective medical records studies that did not suffer from the obvious confounding by indication

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PMCID: PMC5309872

The variations in results observed across these studies can be attributed to heterogeneity, encompassing distinctions in geographical location, demographic composition, sample size, research methodology, and management of potential confounding variables