effects of tobacco on cardiovascular system Exposure to Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarettes: Clinical Perspectives From the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Section Leadership Council and Early Career Councils of the American College of Cardiology Pathophysiological mechanisms of tobacco use

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Hofbauer LC, Mhlberg T, Knig A, Heufelder G, Schworm HD, Heufelder AE

The major candidate genes associated with smoking are those of cytochrome P450 enzymes, which play a substantial role in nicotine metabolism, and also those of dopamine receptors influenced by nicotine in the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic reward pathways of the brain

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According to the Aubin study, "Counseling also occurred during every subsequent telephone and clinic visit." The study identified 1 baseline visit, 12 treatment phase visits for varenicline users (10 for patch users), with clinic visits on weeks 13, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48 and 52, interspersed with telephone counseling on day 3, and weeks 14, 20, 28, 36 and 44