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Subsequently, activated p53 negatively regulates Sox3 by binding to the Sox3 promoter, resulting in decreased Sox3 + progenitor spermatogonia, blocked meiosis, and ultimately male infertility

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Furthermore, all the pretreatment samples showed some changes in the C O stretch (1,270 1,210 cm 1 ) [22], C-H stretching vibrations (2,853 cm 1 and 2,918 cm 1 ) [22], and the appearance of a broad peak around 3,375 ~ 3,340 cm 1 wavelengths [21]