They mainly come from the cartilage, bones, and skin of cows, fish, or chickens, and have high bioavailability
There are many adverse effects, ranging from serious ones like hepatotoxicity to minor ones like peripheral neuropathy, joint, pain, visual impairment, nausea, and vomiting (El-Sadr et al., 2001
Masaki H (2010) Role of antioxidants in the skin: anti-aging effects
Since then, these extracellular vesicles have been shown to be secreted by various kinds of cells, including dendritic cells, macrophages, T cells, B cells, mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, and various cancer cells (Song H
Recently, the scientific breakthrough, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas (CRISPR associated protein) system has gained momentum for genome editing in plants