The gut microbiome influences the nervous system and immune system via the vagus nerve (something we are just starting to learn about in exciting research), and we now know that in order to heal an inflamed gut, we must work on balancing the autonomic nervous system
Given the critical need to better understand these metabolic processes in co-infected patients, this study aims to characterise the urinary acylcarnitine and amino acid profiles, including 5-HIAA, of patients with HIV/TB co-infection using targeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) metabolomics
The bioavailability problem Absorption comparison: Injection: 80-100% bioavailability (nearly all absorbed) Nasal spray: 30-70% bioavailability (varies by peptide) Oral: 0-5% bioavailability (most peptides destroyed) Why nasal lower than injection: Must penetrate nasal mucosa (barrier) Some drips down throat (swallowed = lost) Variable absorption efficiency Technique-dependent Individual variation high What this means: You need MORE peptide via nasal spray Typically 2-3x higher dose than injection Example: 1mg injection = 2-3mg nasal Increases cost significantly But still cheaper/easier than injection for some Conversion guidelines by peptide PT-141: Injection: 1.5-2mg typical dose Nasal equivalent: 3-5mg Conversion ratio: 2-3x Semax: Designed for nasal use (no conversion needed) Standard nasal dose: 200-600mcg per spray 2-3 sprays per nostril typical Follow product guidelines BPC-157 (if attempting nasal): Injection: 250-500mcg Nasal (estimated): 750-1500mcg But: Injection or oral likely better Nasal BPC-157 not well-studied General conversion approach: Start with 2-3x injection dose Assess results after 2-3 uses Increase by 25-50% if weak effects Find minimum effective nasal dose Individual variation significant Cost implications: Using 2-3x more peptide = 2-3x cost Nasal spray more expensive per dose Trade-off: Convenience vs cost Worth it for needle-phobic Not worth it if injections acceptable Use peptide cost calculator to compare routes
Wang, M., Zhang, G., Zhang, D., Zhu, D
In other studies, no changes in the content of folic acid, which was used for the fortification of wheat flour, during the main four stages of instant fried Asian noodle manufacturing (mixing, sheeting and cutting, steaming, and frying) were observed 455,456
