The breadth of DSIPs biological activity spanning sleep regulation, stress modulation, pain processing, antioxidant defence, and neuroprotection has led some researchers to characterise it as an adaptogenic peptide: one that supports homeostatic balance across multiple physiological systems rather than acting on a single discrete target
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105287 71 HajatC.SteinE
Formulations with added L-carnitine may degrade slightly faster because carnitine is hygroscopic and accelerates moisture absorption
Protection of organsfrom toxins and damage
262 The excessive production of ROS, including superoxide, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), hydroxyl radicals (OH), and NADPH-oxidase (NOX), combined with reduced antioxidant capacity, contributes to a pathological imbalance that leads to oxidative stress and inflammation