We can see very clearly that this is specific to medications that are working through GLP-1 receptor pharmacology. In two other clinical trials, funded by pharmaceutical companies, which were not included in the meta-analysis due to methodological differences, the drug responses were similar between carriers and non-carriers
Also keep in mind that the FDA does not review supplements the same way it does medications, meaning companies can often get away with boasting benefits without the real science to back them up
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Biology and mechanisms of Action of the Vitamin D Hormone
Bariatric Considerations: For obese patients, a 1-inch needle may only reach the adipose tissue, risking a subcutaneous deposition of an IM medication, which can alter absorption rates and cause severe tissue irritation