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Maintenance (week 17 onward, 2.4 mg): the dose carried through the 68-week trial endpoint

To better mimic the ROS levels in the atherosclerotic environment, we further assessed the nanoparticle degradation under 1 mM H 2 O 2 stimulation 15

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Furthermore, TMAO induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in macrophages, creating a feed-forward loop that amplifies both inflammatory responses and oxidative stress ( 4.2 Impact of TMAO on DCs DCs, as the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells in the body, play a pivotal role in antigen recognition and signal transmission during immune response