GLP1 RA Mechanisms of Action and Weight Loss As of January 2025, there are three incretin mimetic medications approved for treatment of overweight and obesity: liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide
doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103468
SNAC/Eligen history + products (e.g., Eligen B12) and Novo Nordisk acquisition of Emisphere
Effect of probiotics combined with applied behavior analysis in the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Researchers theorize this may be because: GIP activation may counterbalance some GLP-1 effects on the gut Dose escalation schedule allows more gradual adaptation Different pharmacokinetic profile may produce less pronounced peaks Serious Side Effects (Both Medications): These are rare but require immediate medical attention: Pancreatitis: Severe abdominal pain that may radiate to the back Risk: Less than 1% with both medications Usually occurs in first few months of treatment Requires immediate discontinuation if suspected Gallbladder Problems: Gallstones, cholecystitis (gallbladder inflammation) Symptoms: Right upper abdominal pain, nausea, fever More common with rapid weight loss May require surgical intervention Kidney Problems: Dehydration from vomiting/diarrhea can affect kidney function Watch for decreased urination, swelling in legs Stay well-hydrated, especially during side effect periods Thyroid Tumors (Black Box Warning): Both medications carry warnings about thyroid C-cell tumors Based on rodent studies
