Brief comparison: GHK-Cu remains the most-cited research compound in this family due to its substantial published literature and well-characterized mechanism
The most frequently reported side effects of Saxenda are gastrointestinal in nature and include: Nausea (affecting approximately 40% of patients, particularly during dose escalation) [1] [2] Diarrhoea (reported in around 20% of users) Constipation (affecting approximately 20% of patients) Dyspepsia and abdominal pain Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) Other recognised adverse effects include injection site reactions, headache, dizziness, fatigue, and hypoglycaemia (particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes taking concomitant glucose-lowering medications, especially sulfonylureas or insulin)
In EXSCEL, exenatide extended-release was superior for death from any cause (HR 0.86 [95% CI: 0.770.97])
It works as a dual GLP-1 agonist and GIP agonist to maximize similar benefits that are seen with GLP-1 medications such as semaglutide
The question of combination therapy hinges on whether boosting cellular energy with NAD enhances the satiety and metabolic benefits of GLP-1, or whether the two interventions simply operate independently without meaningful interaction