In studies lasting 68 weeks, participants taking 412mg daily sometimes showed improved endurance, higher time-to-exhaustion scores, or smaller increases in creatine kinase an enzyme that rises with muscle damage.32 Not all trials find performance benefits, but those that do often include participants with lower baseline antioxidant intake or higher training loads.33 For now, researchers interpret the findings as preliminary evidence that astaxanthin may support recovery in situations where oxidative stress is high.38 Sleep and fatigue Researchers have begun exploring how carotenoid intake might relate to sleep quality
Hospira (Pfizer) Hospira, now operating as part of Pfizer, has been one of the most recognizable names in injectable pharmaceutical products for many years
Researchers have also shone many spotlights on it because of its fast healing of injuries, especially of connective tissues such as ligaments, muscles, and tendons
When evaluating a compounding partner, ask whether they hold FDA registration for their manufacturing operations
Zhong W, et al
