An intravascular injection will cause large scale necrosis
As a result, it has become a key area of research in aging, regenerative medicine, and treatments for age-related diseases
Across the six published trials, the most common adverse events were headache, mild gastrointestinal effects (diarrhea, flatulence, nausea), nasopharyngitis, fatigue, dizziness, and mild injection-site reactions
Standard GI research endpoints include: macroscopic damage scoring (CDAI-equivalent scales in IBD models), histological assessment (H&E staining, villus/crypt morphometry), tight junction protein expression (Western blot, immunofluorescence), permeability assays (FITC-dextran, Ussing chambers), and inflammatory cytokine panels
These include pain, swelling, itching, bruising, and redness